class MemTable {
 public:
  // MemTables are reference counted.  The initial reference count
  // is zero and the caller must call Ref() at least once.
  explicit MemTable(const InternalKeyComparator& comparator);

  // Increase reference count.
  void Ref() { ++refs_; }

  // Drop reference count.  Delete if no more references exist.
  void Unref() {
    --refs_;
    assert(refs_ >= 0);
    if (refs_ <= 0) {
      delete this;
    }
  }

  // Returns an estimate of the number of bytes of data in use by this
  // data structure. It is safe to call when MemTable is being modified.
  size_t ApproximateMemoryUsage();

  // Return an iterator that yields the contents of the memtable.
  //
  // The caller must ensure that the underlying MemTable remains live
  // while the returned iterator is live.  The keys returned by this
  // iterator are internal keys encoded by AppendInternalKey in the
  // db/format.{h,cc} module.
  Iterator* NewIterator();

  // Add an entry into memtable that maps key to value at the
  // specified sequence number and with the specified type.
  // Typically value will be empty if type==kTypeDeletion.
  void Add(SequenceNumber seq, ValueType type,
           const Slice& key,
           const Slice& value);

  // If memtable contains a value for key, store it in *value and return true.
  // If memtable contains a deletion for key, store a NotFound() error
  // in *status and return true.
  // Else, return false.
  bool Get(const LookupKey& key, std::string* value, Status* s);

 private:
  ~MemTable();  // Private since only Unref() should be used to delete it

  struct KeyComparator {
    const InternalKeyComparator comparator;
    explicit KeyComparator(const InternalKeyComparator& c) : comparator(c) { }
    int operator()(const char* a, const char* b) const;
  };
  friend class MemTableIterator;
  friend class MemTableBackwardIterator;

  typedef SkipList<const char*, KeyComparator> Table;

  KeyComparator comparator_;
  int refs_;
  Arena arena_;
  Table table_;

  // No copying allowed
  MemTable(const MemTable&);
  void operator=(const MemTable&);
}

10--》30 --》 57 ---》58 ---》59

void MemTable::Add(SequenceNumber s, ValueType type,
                   const Slice& key,
                   const Slice& value) {
  // Format of an entry is concatenation of:
  //  key_size     : varint32 of internal_key.size()
  //  key bytes    : char[internal_key.size()]
  //  value_size   : varint32 of value.size()
  //  value bytes  : char[value.size()]
  size_t key_size = key.size();
  size_t val_size = value.size();
  size_t internal_key_size = key_size + 8;
  const size_t encoded_len =
      VarintLength(internal_key_size) + internal_key_size +
      VarintLength(val_size) + val_size;
  char* buf = arena_.Allocate(encoded_len);
  char* p = EncodeVarint32(buf, internal_key_size);
  memcpy(p, key.data(), key_size);
  p += key_size;
  EncodeFixed64(p, (s << 8) | type);
  p += 8;
  p = EncodeVarint32(p, val_size);
  memcpy(p, value.data(), val_size);
  assert((p + val_size) - buf == encoded_len);
  table_.Insert(buf);
}

// A helper class useful for DBImpl::Get()
class LookupKey {
 public:
  // Initialize *this for looking up user_key at a snapshot with
  // the specified sequence number.
  LookupKey(const Slice& user_key, SequenceNumber sequence);

  ~LookupKey();

  // Return a key suitable for lookup in a MemTable.
  Slice memtable_key() const { return Slice(start_, end_ - start_); }

  // Return an internal key (suitable for passing to an internal iterator)
  Slice internal_key() const { return Slice(kstart_, end_ - kstart_); }

  // Return the user key
  Slice user_key() const { return Slice(kstart_, end_ - kstart_ - 8); }

 private:
  // We construct a char array of the form:
  //    klength  varint32               <-- start_
  //    userkey  char[klength]          <-- kstart_
  //    tag      uint64
  //                                    <-- end_
  // The array is a suitable MemTable key.
  // The suffix starting with "userkey" can be used as an InternalKey.
  const char* start_;
  const char* kstart_;
  const char* end_;
  char space_[200];      // Avoid allocation for short keys

  // No copying allowed
  LookupKey(const LookupKey&);
  void operator=(const LookupKey&);
};

bool MemTable::Get(const LookupKey& key, std::string* value, Status* s) {
  Slice memkey = key.memtable_key();
  Table::Iterator iter(&table_);
  iter.Seek(memkey.data()); /*跳表查找*/
  if (iter.Valid()) {
    // entry format is:
    //    klength  varint32
    //    userkey  char[klength]
    //    tag      uint64
    //    vlength  varint32
    //    value    char[vlength]
    // Check that it belongs to same user key.  We do not check the
    // sequence number since the Seek() call above should have skipped
    // all entries with overly large sequence numbers.
    const char* entry = iter.key();
    uint32_t key_length;
    const char* key_ptr = GetVarint32Ptr(entry, entry+5, &key_length);
    
    /*比较 user key，如果相同，则判断tag，来确定是否是deleted key */
    if (comparator_.comparator.user_comparator()->Compare(
            Slice(key_ptr, key_length - 8),
            key.user_key()) == 0) {
      // Correct user key
      const uint64_t tag = DecodeFixed64(key_ptr + key_length - 8);
      switch (static_cast<ValueType>(tag & 0xff)) {
        case kTypeValue: {
          Slice v = GetLengthPrefixedSlice(key_ptr + key_length);
          value->assign(v.data(), v.size());
          return true;
        }
        case kTypeDeletion:
          *s = Status::NotFound(Slice());
          return true;
      }
    }
  }
  return false;
}